Globetrotting

Reading

After reading the text, answer question given by me in our group whatsapp.

Plurals and Concord (Upper Form)

Plurals

Formation of the Plural - Regular Nouns

• For regular nouns, we add the suffix -s to their singular forms.

          Examples:
          boy       -> boys
          cow      -> cows
          friend   -> friends
          place    -> places

• For regular nouns ending in -s, -sh, -ch, -tch or -x, we add -es to their singular forms.

          Examples:
          class    -> classes
          brush   -> brushes
          branch -> branches
          stretch -> stretches
          box      -> boxes

• Most nouns ending in -o also form their plurals when -es is added to their singular form.

          Examples:
          mango -> mangoes
          potato  -> potatoes
          hero    -> heroes

• For some nouns ending in -o, we add only -s.

          Examples:
          piano   -> pianos
         dynamo -> dynamos
          ratio     -> ratios

• Nouns ending in -y after a consonant from their plurals when the -y is changed to -i and -es is added.

         Examples:
         baby    -> babies
         city     -> cities

• Nouns ending in -f or -fe form their plurals by dropping the -f or -fe and -ves is added.

         Examples:
         knife   -> knives
         leaf     -> leaves
         life     -> lives
         self    -> selves

Formation of the Plural - Irregular Nouns

• There are some irregular nouns which are changed to the plural by changing the vowels of their singular forms:

          Examples: 
louse -> lice                   foot -> feet
                           
 mouse -> mice               tooth -> teeth
                           
goose -> geese               crisis -> crises
                          
  woman -> women          criterion -> criteria

• For some nouns, -en or -ren is added.

          Examples : ox -> oxen             child -> children

• Some nouns have the same singular and plural forms.

          Examples: sheep, deer, series, species, tongs, scissors, spectacles, trousers, shorts

• Some nouns look like they are in the plural form, but they are actually singular.

          Examples: news, measles, mathematics, physics, billiards

• Some collective nouns are used only as plurals.

          Examples: poultry, cattle, vermin, people

• Abstract words and names of substances do not have plural forms.

          Examples: hope, kindness, copper, wood, wax

• Plurals for compound nouns are formed by adding -s to the principal noun.

          Examples: son-in-law -> sons-in-law

                            passer-by -> passers-by

                            stepson -> stepsons

Concord (Subject-Verb Agreement)

Singular-Singular

A singular subject (noun) takes a singular verb. Study the examples in the table below.

• If the subject contains more than one noun, the verb should agree in number with the main noun, and not necessarily the noun nearest to it.

         Examples: His knowledge of History and Geography is excellent.
                           Of the three students, Jerry is the shortest.

• Two or more singular subjects connected by or, nor, either and neither are followed by singular verbs.

          Examples: Either the cat or the dog has broken the pot.
                            Neither of the two men is very strong.

• The subject that comes after each and every must be singular and have singular verbs.

          Example: Every boy and girl was given a packet of biscuits.

Plural-Singular
Some words with plural forms, but singular in meaning, take singular verbs.
Examples: No news is good news.
                 Mathematics is a subject I don't like.

Plural-Plural

A plural subject (noun) is followed by a plural verb.

• There are some special cases where collective nouns are concerned. Look at the example below.

         The committee {is / are} divided on that point. (Both can be used)

                                                       

Exercise 1

Underline all the plural nouns that you can find in the text given below.

Last year, a grand exhibition was held in our town. My friends and I went to see it one evening.

Our first impression on entering the grounds was that the whole place looked like a funfair. There were countless lights and decorations in bright, gray colours. People were dressed in their best holiday clothes, moving around and stopping to admire the things displayed in the stalls. Goods like musical instruments, clothes and toys were on sale.

The Children's Corner was crowded with boys and girls. They were carrying balloons, eating cotton candy or playing on the wooden horses, merry-go-round or Ferris wheel. Even the grown-ups were having a wonderful time.

Exercise 2

Fill in the blanks with the plural form of the words given in brackets where necessary.

One evening, I heard loud (1) _______________ (siren) go past my house. I ran out and joined a large crowd a few (2) _______________ (street) away.

There was a house on fire. Huge (3) _______________ (flame) were coming out from every window and thick, black (4) ______________ (smoke) was spreading all around. Three (5) _______________ (fire engine) and several (6) ______________ (fireman) were busy dousing the building with (7) _______________ (water) but there was no effect on the (8) _______________ (fire).

Tall, red (9) _______________ (ladder) were placed against the house anf firemen climbed up to the roof with (10) _______________ (hose) in their (11) _______________ (hand).

Nouns (Upper Form)

Nouns
There are two types of nouns: Concrete and Abstract

Concrete Nouns

• These are nouns referring to physical objects and substances such things, animals and people.
• There are two types of concrete nouns: Common Nouns and Proper Nouns
• Proper nouns is the opening passage include:

          Richard Rhodes - name of person
          Hiroshima.         - name of a place
NOTE: Proper nouns always begin with a capital letter.

• A few examples of common nouns in the opening passage are: cloud, bomb, genius, atoms
• Common nouns may be collective nouns where a number of persons, things or animals are taken together and referred to as a whole. For example:

                Crowd, mob, nation, world, army, family => a group of people
                Herd, flock => a group of animals
                Fleet, packet => a group of things
NOTE: A common noun is a name given to every person or thing of the same class or kind.

Abstract Nouns

• These refer to qualities (kindness, strength, freedom); actions and events (explosion, research, combination); states (peace, hope, belief) and feelings (love, hate).
• Abstract nouns are formed from:

              (i) Adjectives
                  Examples: kind -> kindness
                                    honest -> honesty
             (ii) Verbs
                   Examples: grow -> growth
                                     move -> movement
            (iii) Common Nouns
                   Examples: child -> childhood
                                     friend -> friendship


Countable and Uncountable Nouns

• Countable nouns are things which CAN be counted, e.g. pen, book, boy, cat, durian.
• Uncountable nouns are things which CANNOT be counted, e.g. milk, sugar, gold, honesty. They usually denote substances and abstract things.
• Countable nouns may be singular or plural. A, an, the or a number is used before a countable noun to show whether it is singular or plural.

Examples:
SINGULAR COUNTABLES

• a doll
• the doll
• an apple
• the apple

PLURAL COUNTABLES

• two dolls
• the dolls
• three apples
• the apples

• Often, plural countables do not have articles before them.

          Examples: Roses are red.

                            Violets are blue.

• Only common nouns are preceded by articles. Articles should not appear before proper nouns.

          Examples: Sarina, Milo, Malaysia, Mount Kinabalu

• But we can say:

             a/the Malaysian                        (a race in general)

            the Central Market                    (important buildings)

            The President                            (top positions)

            the United States of America    (countries indicating a group)

            the Olympic Games                  (special events)

• Uncountable nouns cannot have a or an before them. They are followed by singular verbs.

          Example: Water is good for health.

• Words that show quantity (some, much, a little) may precede uncountable common nouns.

          Example: Some salt is added to the curry.

• Sometimes, these uncountable nouns are preceded by nouns such as ‘kilogramme’, ‘packet’, etc.

         Examples: a kilogramme of salt, a packet of curry powder

• Abstract nouns, such as joy, hope, happiness and love, cannot be measured.

EXERCISE

The picture below shows a tuition class going on. Write a paragraph of about 100 words about the picture using the nouns given.

Adverbs (Lower Form)

Adverbs

• An adverb generally tells you more about a verb. On the other hand, an adjective describes a noun. Look at the examples below:

         (adjective)        Look at the fast car!                ('fast' describes the noun 'car')

         (adverb)           Look, that car is going fast!    ('fast' describes the verb 'go')

Adverbs of Manner

• You use these adverbs to describe HOW something happened.
• These adverbs are formed by adding -ly to the end of an adjective.

              adjective + ly → adverb                            

                   quick + ly → quickly

                  happy + ly → happily

• However, certain adverbs do not end in -ly. Some common ones are: fast, hard, far, well

          Example: He ran fast.       (√)

                          He ran fastly.     (×)

• Some words that end with -ly are NOT adverbs. For example: friendly, lovely, lonely, silly. These words are adjectives.
• Adverbs of manner can be used in many places in a sentence, but usually after a verb.

         Example: She walks gracefully on stage. ('walk' is the verb)

Adverbs of Time

• You use these adverbs to describe WHEN something happened.
• They are not the same as adverbs of manner. They are not formed by adding -ly to an adjective.

         Example: When did Saleh leave the house?

                         He left the house just now.

• More examples of commonly used adverbs of time:

         now, at this moment, today, in      (month)     , already, yet, before, still, just, yesterday, just now,          last night/week/month/year, this morning/evening,           ago, then, tomorrow, next           , soon,          tonight, later

Adverbs of Frequency

• You use these adverbs to describe HOW OFTEN something is done.
• Examples of commonly used adverbs of frequency: always, frequently, regularly, often, sometimes, seldom, rarely, hardly, once a           

Read the summary of a movie below, then read the notes in the box.

"E.T. phone home..." is an unforgettable line from the movie 'E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial'. The story is about an alien who is accidentally left behind on Earth. Elliot, a young boy, befriends him. E.T. has many adventures and misadventures. He is a loveable character. He is only three feet tall and waddles slowly. He speaks haltingly and often chatters unintelligibly when surprised. E.T. is eventually captured by government officials. He suffers terribly because of exposure to pollited air for too long. The neighbourhood children help to free E.T. and send him to the site where the spaceship lands to take him to his home planet. Elliot and E.T. both part tearfully as the loveable alien points to Elliot's heart and says, "I'll be right here."

**The underline words are called adverbs while the words in bold italics are verbs. Adverbs describe verbs while adjectives describe nouns. Look at how the adverbs here describe the verbs in the passage.

Online Shopping (Lower Form)

Assalamualaikum & Hi students. How are you?

Today we will learn about online shopping. Please take your text book and turn to page 90. Read the article as below.

After you read the article, please answer the question below.
https://forms.gle/tj4GH32oAg9W94vE7

Pronouns (Lower Form)

Pronoun

A pronoun is a word that takes the place of a noun. There are a few types of  pronouns:

• Personal pronouns e.g. I, you, we, they, he, she, it, him
• Possessive pronouns e.g. mine, yours, ours, theirs
• Demonstrative pronouns e.g. that, this, those, these
• Interrogative pronouns e.g. Who, What, Where, Whose, Whom

Personal Pronouns 

• Look at the following examples showing how the pronouns are used.

          Examples:

               Mat and June are friends. He has known her for ten years.

               Yan Li has a goldfish. She always feeds it fresh worms.

               Tom, Rick and Larry are bus drivers. They ferry schoolchildren.

               We are taking sewing lessons. It is up to us to choose the materials we like.

               They are hungry. Puan Zaiton is going to give them a snack.

               I hope to get there by nightfall. My parents are expecting me.

Possessive Pronouns

• These pronouns are used to show who an object belongs to. Read the examples below:

           The red shirt is mine. (The red shirt belongs to me.)

           This ticket is yours. (This ticket belongs to you.)

           His friend is here to see him. (Andy’s friend is here to see him.)

           The puppy is hers. (The puppy belongs to her.)

           The blue van is ours. (The blue van belongs to us.

           The radio is theirs. (The radio belongs to them.)

• There are two types of ‘possessive words’. A possessive adjective has a noun after it while a possessive pronoun does not. Look at the table below.

Personal pronouns	I	you	he	she	it	we	they
Possessive adjectives	my	your	his	her	its	our	their
Possessive pronouns	mine	yours	his	hers	-	ours	theirs

• The sentence in brackets means the same as the former sentence.

          Examples: This is my car. (This car is mine.)

                            (Notice that there is the noun ‘car’ after ‘my’. There is no noun after ‘mine’.)

Interrogative Pronouns

• Who, Whom, Which, What and Where are interrogative pronouns. These pronouns are used to ask about people, places or things.

          Example: Who is this man?

                          Whom did you give the book to?

                          Which is your pen, the blue or the red one?

                          What is inside this box?

                          Where does your friend live?

• Whose is used to ask who the owner of an object is.

          Example: Alice : Whose book is this?

                          Jenny : Oh, it is Sue’s. (The book belongs to Sue.)


Demonstrative Pronouns

• Demonstrative pronouns include words like this, that, these and those.
• This and that are uses to describe singular nouns. These and those are used to describe plural nouns.
• This and these are used to refer to things that are near us. That and those are used to refer to things that are far away. 

The Use of 'Each'

• Each is used to refer to every single member of a group. It basically means 'every'.
• Each is used with countable nouns only.
• Each takes singular verbs, nouns and pronouns.

          Example: Each child was given a lollipop.

Adjectives (Lower Form)

Prahlad Jani - The Foodless Man

Prahlad Jani is a strange man. He does not eat. He is not fasting. He is neither bulimic nor anorexic. He is called the "foodless man". He says he has not eaten for the last 68 years. How then has he survived? 400 confused doctors at a hospital in Ahmedabad are said to have observed him closely for teh days to see if what he claims is true. They had close-circuit cameras to watch him day and nights. The 76-year-old Prahlad is like other Hindu holy men in some respects. He puts on red robes, gold beard, white moustache and long, grey hair that is tied up in a pony-tail. Apparently, he is an ideal candidate for the X-files.

(NST - Thursday, November 27, 2003)

**Note the words in bold. These words are called adjectives. See how they describe and make the passage more interesting.

Adjectives

• Adjectives are words that describe nouns.
• Adjectives usually answer the question "What type/kind of...?"

          Example 1: Prahlad Jani is a strange man.

          --- What type of man is Prahlad? A strange man.

         Example 2: That is a new book.

         --- What type of book is that? A new book.

• Adjectives describe colour.

         Examples: He puts on red robes, gold chains...

                          She likes the red lipstick.

                          Mother bought some green vegetables

• Adjectives describe size.

         Examples: He has a white beard, white moustache and long, grey hair...

                          Grandmother has tiny feet.

                          Malik read a short passage.

• Adjectives describe quality.

        Examples: Apparently, he is an ideal candidate for the X-files.

                         That hotel has excellent service.

Prefixes

You can form negative adjectives by adding prefixes such as dis-, in-, or im- before the adjectives.

Examples: I had an unpleasant experience at the dentist's.

                 It is almost impossible to open a crocodile's mouth once it is shut.

Comparative Adjectives

• Comparative adjectives are used to compare two nouns or pronouns. You must add -er and than to the adjective when comparing two objects.

          Examples: This box is lighter than that one.

                           Her hair is thicker than Aneeza's.

                          She walks slower than all of us.

• For two-syllable adjectives ending with '-y', change the 'y' to '-i' and add -er.

         Examples: happy - happier

                           lovely - lovelier

• For some adjectives with two or more syllables, use more followed by the adjectives and than.

         Examples: modern - more modern than

                           comfortable - more comfortable than

• Superlative adjectives are used to compare at least three nouns or pronouns. You must add -est to the adjectives and the before it.

          Examples: He is the tallest boy in the basketball team.

                           Cik Salena is the prettiest girl in the beauty contest. 

• Some adjectives are irregular.

          Examples: good - better - best

                           bad - worse - worst

The Simple Past Tense (Lower Form)

Hello students, today we will do exercises about simple past tense.

Exercise 1

Read the passage below and underline the verbs in the simple past form.

Vincent Van Gogh is a much-celebrated artist today. He was unknown in his time. He was poor and lived in a cramped room. All he possessed was his easel, paint, brushes, a little money and talent? He used different kinds of lines in his artwork and painted landscapes, still life and portraits. He always signed his paintings. However, he hardly sold any of his works. Vincent lived a sad life. He slowly became insane. He even cut off his ear. Finally, he shot himself in the chest when he was 37 years old. Today, his works, ‘Sunflowers’ and ‘Starry, starry night’ are known as masterpieces. They cost a fortune and often become the focus of attention at exhibitions and auctions.

Exercise 2

Read the passage below, then rewrite it in the simple past tense.

The tsunami victims have to rest at the relief centre because their homes are destroyed. Some of them have serious injuries, and doctors have a busy time treating so many of them. Many victims look lost. They do not have any belonging left. Volunteers come from all parts of the world to help repair the damage to the city. Some volunteers bring money and food from their countries to donate to the victims. For some victims, all the money in the world cannot replace their loved ones. It is a tragedy indeed.

You can refer the notes given by me through our group whatsapp. Good luck!

King Arthur by Janet Hardy Gould (Novel) (Form 1)

Synopsis

In the year 650, England is without a king. Merlin the magician makes a stone with a sword in it. Only the true king can pull the sword out. A young boy named Arthur pulls out the sword and becomes king. He is a good looking with Merlin's help. Arthur falls in love with Guinevere and wants to marry her. Merlin is not happy about this and he leaves Arthur. Before he goes, he helps Arthur get a magic sword. Arthur makes Guinevere his Queen. Guinevere gives Arthur a huge round table. They choose the best knights to sit at the table and help Arthur rule the kingdom. Arthur's half-sister, Morgan, and her son, Mordred, move into Camelot. Mordred tells Arthur that his best knight, Lancelot, loves Guinevere. Arthur drives Lancelot away. His kingdom becomes disorderly. Mordred tells him to fight Lancelot and prove his strength. Arthur leaves Camelot with his knights to search for Lancelot. Mordred tells the court that Arthur is dead and takes over the throne. Arthur returned to Camelot and a terrible battle takes place. During the fight with Mordred, Arthur's sword breaks and Mordred wounds him seriously. Lancelot comes to his aid and kills Mordred. It is too late to save Arthur. Merlin appears and takes Arthur away.

Please answer the question from this link https://forms.gle/FJRTsfReEyyDANAq9
Good luck students!

Fair's Fair by Narinder Dhami (Short Story) (Form 1)

Hello students!
Today we learn about short story.

Synopsis

Fair's Fair is a straightforward short story set in a middle-class residential area. Lee, Sam and Raj are three neighbours and good friends. The action begins when Raj announces that a fair is coming to town and his dad will take them there that night. Sam's dad allows her to go but Lee's mum says that she has no budgeted for it, so he cannot go. Lee is disappointed but his two friends offer to help Lee do odd jobs for their parents to earn some pocket money. Their first job does not work out, but the second one does and Lee is paid a pound for it. However, he gives the money away to soothe a weeping child. His luck changes when a woman passing by drops her purse and he picks it up. Though tempted to keep the purse, Lee has to make a moral choice and he is justly rewarded for it.

Please answer the question from this link https://forms.gle/jm7ADAMtHnxLdPYF7

The Living Photograph by Jackie Kay (Form 4)

The Living Photograph by Jackie Kay

My small grandmother is tall there,

straight-back, white broderie anglaise shirt,

pleated skirt, flat shoes, grey bun,

a kind, old smile round her eyes.

Her big hand holds mine,

white hand in black hand.

Her sharp blue eyes look her own death in the eye.

It was true after all, that look.

My tall grandmother became small.

Her back round and hunched

Her soup forgot to boil.

She went to the awful place grandmother go

Somewhere unknown, unthinkable.

But there she is still,

In the photo with me at three,

The crinkled smile is still living, breathing.

Essay: Malaysia, a Unique Country

Hello students!

Malaysia is a unique country. It has diversity of races, a stable and peaceful environment, interesting places and some internal achievements. Those are important characteristics of our country, Malaysia. Malaysia is rich of cultural heritage, it would be worth to visit.

For today's lesson, you have to write an essay about our country, Malaysia. Create an essay with 500 words about Malaysia.

Cyber Bullying (Upper Form)

CRITICAL THINKING 

Hello my dearest students. 

Today’s lesson we are going to watch a video and the title is ‘You Look Disgusting’. Here is the link for the video https://youtu.be/WWTRwj9t-vU 

From the video you had been watched, cyber bullying is not a healthy thing. Why we should not do the cyber bullying? What are the effect of cyber bullying? Based on your creativity, please elaborate.

Thank you & good luck 😉

Friendship (Form 1)

Hello students. 

Today we will learn about friendship. Please take your text book and turn to page 104 & 105. Read the brochure below.

For today's lesson, you have to write short essay.

A person’s best friend is the closest and most special person in that person’s life. A best friend is someone with whom we share all of the most important and crucial things in our life. Best friends support each other in everything they do.

Create a short essay with 300 words about you and your best friend. 

News Break by Max Fatchen (Form 1)

News Break – Max Fatche

Now why so loving, darling,

and why the sudden kiss?

You’d help me with some little jobs?

For goodness sake, what’s this?

You face is clean for once, dear.

Your clothes without a crease.

You saved your luncheon money?

Will wonders never cease?

No dropping of your school books,

No shrieking, childish treble.

Today you are a lamb, love,

Where yesterday a rebel.

But surely you’re some stranger,

No rage or hullabaloo.

Come closer, let me look, dear,

Can this be REALLY you?

Now are you struck by lightning

Or were you stunned at sport?

Ah… now I see the reason.

You’ve brought your school report!


Please answer questions below
https://forms.gle/qD7FBZPmg5GQy91fA

Thank you 😉

Advertisements (Form 1)

Assalamualaikum & Hi students.

Please take your textbook and turn to page 40. Read the text below.

After you read the text, please answer the questions below.

https://forms.gle/QHwdppSi5Btu2Sgr8

Thank you 😉

Sad I Ams by Trevor Millum (Form 1)

Sad I Ams by Trevor Millum

I am
the ring
from an empty Cola can
the scrapings
from an unwashed porridge pan the severed arm
of last year's Action Man.

I am
the envelope
on which the gum is gone
the Sellotape
where you can't find the end
the toothless stapler, springless bulldog clip the dried-up liquid paper
that mars instead of mends the stamped addressed reply that you forgot
to send.

I am
the battery in which no charge is left
the starter motor which remains inert
the tyre on which the tread is worn
the sparking plug which shows no sign of spark the carburettor choked by bits of dirt
the chromium trim from which the shine has gone.

I am
a garden
overgrown with weeds a library book
that no one ever reads a stray
which no one thinks to feed the piece of good advice which no one seems to need.

Please click the link below and answer the questions
https://forms.gle/aqjWzzVHRo42cjSy6

Thank you 😉

Footprints On The Network (Form 1)

Assalamualaikum & Hi students.

Please take your textbook and turn to page 16. Read the article on that page.

After you read the article, please answer the following questions 

https://forms.gle/e27DUfWeKDbGkvCo6

Thank you 😉